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Her story is too good not to be told,
and retold. She was the first person to practice textual
criticism on the Bible, and the first person to interpret its text
for men in power. Her name was Huldah, a prophet. She is
one of four women specifically called "prophet" in the Old
Testament: Miriam, Deborah, Isaiah's wife, and Huldah.
Huldah is likely the least known.
Brief mention of her is recorded in I
Kings 22, then repeated in II Chronicles 34. Otherwise she is
unknown in Scripture, and mostly forgotten today. And yet, she
was a key player in the enormously important reform of Josiah.
Manasseh's 55 year reign had been the nadir of Judah's history,
Amon's short reign following no better. So when Josiah began his 31
year reign, the nation was in need of revival, of recovering its
rootage.
Under Josiah's direction, workers were
repairing the Temple and in the process found a scroll, probably our
book of Deuteronomy. When High Priest Hilkiah and Temple
Secretary Shaphan brought the book to the king and read to him from
it, grief-stricken Josiah tore his clothes in repentance, and
immediately sent a five-man delegation to find the best educated
expert among the prophets and ask two questions: is this book
authentic and how do you interpret these warnings?
At the time there were three prophets
currently on the scene to choose from: Jeremiah, Zephaniah, or
Huldah. Significantly, neither of the two men were consulted.
Obviously they needed the expertise of Huldah, a prophet who lived
with her husband Shallum (the king's valet or tailor) in a place
called "mishneh," sometimes translated "the second quarter" and
sometimes "the college." The word could imply a place of
"repetition," and since this was the method of learning, Huldah may
have been a teacher there. In any case, it was she, not
Jeremiah or Zephaniah, whom they trusted to verify the text, making
her the first text critic of the Bible. She also was asked to
interpret the text. This she did in two parts, telling the
king that the judgment on Judah was coming, and then assuring the
king that he would be spared.
On the basis of her words, Josiah
initiated a reform that would restore Torah to its prominence,
restore Passover, destroy the pervasive idols, and re-establish the
covenant. |